Maldives

The Maldives is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean, known for its crystal-clear waters, white sand beaches, and luxury resorts. It is comprised of 26 atolls, which are ring-shaped reefs that enclose a lagoon, and over 1,000 islands. The Maldives is a popular destination for honeymoons, romantic getaways, and luxury vacations.

Introduction

Let’s kick off our exploration of the Maldives by touching on some key points: Overview, History, Climate, and the Best Time to Visit. These aspects will paint a vivid picture of what makes this island nation so fascinating. From its unique geography to its diverse cultural influences, there’s much to uncover about this enchanting destination. So, let’s embark on this journey together and discover the allure of the Maldives.

Overview

Nestled within the expanse of the Indian Ocean, the Maldives emerges as a captivating nation of 26 atolls intertwining across the equator. As a Maldivian, the beauty of our tropical paradise is unparalleled, with pristine white-sand beaches and crystal-clear turquoise waters that beckon visitors from around the globe. The Velana International Airport, operated by Island Aviation Services Ltd, serves as the main gateway to this idyllic destination, ensuring smooth transitions for travelers. With an average elevation of only 1.5 meters above sea level, the Maldives stands as the lowest-lying country in Asia, adding a unique charm to its landscape. Our tropical monsoon climate brings forth two distinct seasons, the dry and the rainy, offering a perfect setting for unforgettable adventures in this island paradise.

History

Immersed in a tapestry of ancient tales and cultural splendor, the history of the Maldives unfolds like a vibrant mosaic of influences and transitions. Inhabited for over 2,500 years, this island nation first made contact with the outside world around 947 AD. Embracing Islam in the 12th century, the Maldives later became a British protectorate in 1887, finally gaining independence in 1965. Historically known as a fishing nation, the Maldives now thrives on tourism as a rapidly growing industry. The cultural influences here are a blend of strong Dravidian and North Indian layers, with historical ties to Hinduism preceding the adoption of Islam. Evidence of North Indian influence is evident in various aspects such as boatbuilding techniques and currency used in the Maldives.

Climate

The Maldives has a tropical monsoon climate, with two main seasons: the dry season (November to April) and the wet season (May to October). The temperature remains fairly consistent year-round, with average highs in the mid-80s F (low 30s C) and lows in the mid-70s F (low 20s C).

Best Time to Visit

For travelers seeking the perfect time to explore the Maldives, the ideal window lies within the dry season from November to April. During this period, the Maldives boasts clear skies, sunny days, and low humidity, making it an excellent time for beach vacations and water activities like snorkeling, diving, and water sports. It’s also the peak tourist season from December to March, so booking flights and accommodations in advance is advisable to secure the best deals. However, for those looking to avoid the crowds and enjoy good weather with lower prices, the shoulder months of May and October are also great options. When planning your trip, remember to check the latest COVID-19 guidelines for Maldivian flights to ensure a smooth and safe journey.

Essential Travel Information

As we get ready to explore the wonders of Maldives, it’s crucial to consider essential travel information. From understanding transportation options to ensuring your passport and visas are up to date, these key points can make your trip smoother. Don’t forget about basics like safe drinking water, locating clean toilets, and the importance of travel insurance for peace of mind. Car rentals might also be a convenient choice to explore the islands at your own pace.

Transportation

The Maldives is served by Malé International Airport, located on Hulhulé Island. From there, visitors can take a seaplane, speedboat, or domestic flight to reach their final destination. Once on the islands, the most common form of transportation is by boat.

• Seaplanes: Enjoy breathtaking aerial views while traveling between islands.
• Speedboats: Swift and efficient for shorter distances, offering a thrilling ride.
• Ferries: Economical way to navigate between different atolls and islands regularly.
• Private Transfers: Personalized options for those seeking a more exclusive experience.
• Domestic Flights: Provided by Island Aviation for quicker travel within the Maldivian islands, connecting you efficiently.

Passports & Visas

Securing a valid passport with a minimum of 6 months’ validity is essential for travelers visiting the Maldives. Upon arrival, tourists from many countries are granted a free 30-day visa, but extending the stay may require additional fees and paperwork. It’s crucial to have proof of sufficient funds, return or onward travel tickets, and accommodation details ready for inspection. Before traveling, check the Maldives Immigration website for the latest visa requirements and regulations to ensure a smooth entry process. When flying to the Maldives, consider booking a flight with Maldivian, the national airline, known for its reliable service and convenient connections to this stunning island destination. Make sure all your travel documents are in order for a hassle-free and enjoyable trip.

Drinking Water and Toilets

Tap water in the Maldives is not safe to drink, so it is recommended to drink bottled water. Toilets in the Maldives are of the Western style and are typically found in hotels, restaurants, and other public places.

• Most resorts and accommodations provide bottled water for guests.
• Public toilets are available in populated areas, resorts, and tourist attractions.
• It is recommended to carry hand sanitizer and tissues for public toilet use.
• Tourists should be mindful of water consumption to preserve the fragile ecosystem.
• Respect local guidelines and dispose of waste responsibly.

Travel Insurance

It is recommended to have travel insurance when visiting the Maldives, as medical care can be expensive. Travel insurance can also provide coverage for trip cancellation, interruption, or delay, as well as lost or stolen luggage.

Different insurance providers offer varying levels of coverage tailored to travel-related issues specific to the Maldives, so it’s essential to carefully review policy details to understand what is included and any potential exclusions before securing travel insurance for your Maldives adventure.

Car Rentals

Navigating the stunning islands of the Maldives becomes effortless with the convenient option of car rentals available for visitors. Rental options in the Maldives cater to different preferences and group sizes, offering cars, jeeps, and motorcycles. With a rented vehicle, visitors can leisurely explore the scenic beauty of the Maldives at their own pace. To book a rental, it’s essential to have an international driving permit and a valid license. It’s advisable to make reservations in advance, particularly during peak tourist seasons, to secure availability.

• Rental options include cars, jeeps, and motorcycles.
• Visitors can explore the Maldives at their own pace.
• International driving permit and valid license may be required.
• Booking in advance is recommended, especially during peak seasons.
• Different vehicles cater to various preferences and group sizes.

Basic Phrases for Travellers

Exploring the vibrant culture of the Maldives is greatly enhanced by mastering a few essential Dhivehi phrases for travelers. Basic greetings like ‘Assalaamu Alaikum’ for ‘Hello’ and ‘Shukuriyyaa’ for ‘Thank you’ lay a friendly foundation. When asking for directions, knowing ‘Kihineh’ (Where) and ‘Kaaku’ (How) can be invaluable. For transportation queries, remember ‘Miadhu’ (Airport) and ‘Ferige’ (Boat). Essential for dining and accommodation, ‘Mithaaku’ (Food) and ‘Kurimathi’ (Hotel) are key phrases. Politeness counts too, with ‘Adhabas’ (Goodbye) and ‘Maafu koh’ (Excuse me). These simple Dhivehi phrases will not only assist you in your travels but also show respect for the local culture.

Exploring Cities

As I explore the cities of the Maldives, I can’t help but marvel at the diverse experiences each one offers. From the vibrant markets and historic sites of Male to the tranquil beaches of Hithadhoo, there is something for everyone to enjoy. Whether you’re a family looking for fun, a young couple seeking adventure, or a budget traveler wanting to relax, the cities of the Maldives have it all.

Best Area For Sightseeing

Male, the capital city of the Maldives, beckons visitors with its vibrant mix of culture, history, and modern amenities, making it an ideal location for sightseeing enthusiasts. When exploring the best areas for sightseeing in the Maldives, consider these destinations:

• Old Friday Mosque: Dive into the rich history of the Maldives by visiting this ancient mosque.
• Sultan Park: Stroll through lush gardens and learn about the country’s royal history.
• Fish Market: Experience the hustle and bustle of local life as fishermen bring in their daily catch.
• Hulhumale: Discover a blend of natural beauty and modern infrastructure on this man-made island.
• Addu City: Immerse yourself in British colonial architecture and explore the stunning lagoons of the southern Maldives.

Best Area for Families

For families seeking enriching urban adventures in the Maldives, the bustling city of Male serves as an exciting gateway to explore various family-friendly destinations across the archipelago. With the latest Maldivian flights, an international airline division of Island, families can easily access these diverse cities for a memorable vacation. Hulhumalé, a reclaimed island city near Malé, offers a range of family-friendly activities such as beaches, parks, and watersports. Addu City in the southernmost atoll provides historical sites, cultural experiences, and outdoor adventures suitable for families. Fuvahmulah, a unique island city, is perfect for family excursions like diving, surfing, and exploring diverse ecosystems. Gan, located in Laamu Atoll, is known for its tranquility, beaches, and family-friendly water activities. Kulhudhuffushi in Haa Dhaalu Atoll offers a mix of local culture, markets, and beaches for families to enjoy.

Best Area for Young Couples

Nestled among the vibrant streets and hidden gems of Maldives’ urban landscapes, young couples can find their perfect getaway in the bustling city of Malé. This dynamic capital offers a mix of cultural experiences and modern amenities ideal for romantic adventures. When exploring Malé, you can immerse yourself in bustling markets, visit historic sites, and enjoy the local cuisine together.

Here are some recommendations for young couples in Malé:

• Take a scenic seaplane ride with Island Aviation for a bird’s eye view of the stunning atolls.
• Visit the Ibrahim Nasir International Airport, named after the Maldives’ second president.
• Explore the city’s vibrant nightlife scene with its variety of bars and cafes.
• Learn about the history of Maldives at the Maldives Monetary Authority Museum.
• Enjoy a romantic dinner at a local restaurant like the limited liability company-owned Citron by Lemongrass.

Best Area on a Budget

Exploring the cities of Maldives on a budget opens up a world of cultural immersion and affordable adventures waiting to be discovered. In Malé, the capital city, vibrant markets offer a glimpse into local life without breaking the bank. Hulhumalé, a reclaimed island near Malé, boasts budget-friendly accommodations, stunning beaches, and serene parks. For a taste of authentic Maldivian lifestyle, Fuvahmulah beckons with its unique geography and cultural attractions at reasonable prices. Head to Maafushi for budget-friendly guesthouses, water sports, and a chance to experience local island living. Guraidhoo, known for its pristine beaches and excellent snorkeling spots, provides a tranquil atmosphere perfect for budget travelers. Discovering these city gems is a budget-friendly way to experience the Maldives.

Best Areas for Older Couples

In the heart of Maldives, older couples can find charming cities brimming with history, tranquility, and warm hospitality, perfect for a peaceful retreat. When exploring the Maldives as an older couple, consider these ideal city destinations:

• Malé: Experience a vibrant urban atmosphere with bustling markets and cultural attractions, ideal for romantic getaways.
• Addu City: Discover a laid-back ambiance, beautiful beaches, and unique diving spots, offering relaxing escapes.
• Fuvahmulah: Enjoy a secluded and tranquil experience with pristine beaches and eco-tourism opportunities, perfect for senior activities.
• Kulhudhuffushi: Immerse yourself in local markets, traditional architecture, and a friendly community, great for exploring as an older couple.
• Gan Island: Seek a peaceful retreat with serene beaches, rich history, and warm hospitality, ensuring a relaxing escape for older couples.

Best Places To Travel Alone

For solo travelers seeking vibrant city experiences in the Maldives, the capital city of Male beckons with its rich cultural offerings, bustling markets, and intriguing historical sites. As a solo adventurer, exploring Male’s hidden gems like the Old Friday Mosque, bustling fish market, and local cafes offers a glimpse into authentic Maldivian life. Engage in solo activities such as strolling along the vibrant streets, trying local cuisine like Mas Huni (tuna and coconut salad), or visiting the Maldives Islamic Centre to immerse yourself in the local culture. Male’s compact size makes it easy to navigate on foot, providing a safe and welcoming environment for solo travelers to discover the heart of the Maldives’ urban life.

Local Experiences

From cultural activities like Bodu Beru drumming performances to outdoor adventures like snorkeling in crystal clear waters teeming with marine life, there’s so much to immerse myself in. Must-visit museums and indulging in traditional Maldivian cuisine will surely make my trip unforgettable.

Cultural Experiences

Immerse yourself in the vibrant cultural tapestry of the Maldives through engaging in traditional music, dance, local markets, workshops, festivals, and culinary delights.

• Explore traditional Maldivian music and dance performances showcasing local cultural heritage.
• Visit local markets like Male Local Market to experience Maldivian handicrafts, spices, and fresh produce.
• Participate in cultural workshops to learn about traditional Maldivian crafts like mat weaving and coconut carving.
• Attend cultural festivals such as Eid al-Fitr and National Day celebrations to immerse in Maldivian traditions.
• Engage in local culinary experiences by trying traditional dishes like Garudhiya (fish soup) and Mas Huni (tuna and coconut salad).

Outdoor Adventures

Exploring the Maldives’ outdoor adventures offers an exhilarating blend of thrilling water sports, immersive marine encounters, traditional fishing experiences, guided island tours, and picturesque sunset cruises. Dive into the crystal-clear waters for snorkeling, diving, and surfing, where vibrant coral reefs and diverse marine life await. Join local experts on fishing trips to learn traditional Maldivian techniques and maybe catch your dinner. Explore the beauty of the Maldivian islands through guided excursions, hopping from one enchanting spot to the next. End your day with a relaxing sunset cruise, dolphin watching, or a beach picnic for an unforgettable outdoor experience. The Maldives truly caters to outdoor excursions, water activities, and island adventures that will leave you in awe.

Must-Visit Museums

The must-visit museums in the Maldives offer a captivating glimpse into the rich cultural heritage and artistic traditions of this island nation. Explore a variety of experiences that showcase maritime traditions, Islamic architecture, and contemporary art:

• Maldives National Museum: Discover historical artifacts, royal antiques, and cultural relics in Malé.
• Maritime Museum: Learn about the Maldives’ seafaring heritage and maritime traditions in Hulhumalé.
• Esjehi Art Gallery: Immerse yourself in contemporary Maldivian art exhibitions and cultural events in Malé.
• Maldives Islamic Centre: Admire intricate Islamic designs and a grand mosque in Malé.
• Heritage Maldives Museum: Experience local traditions, crafts, and customs in this cultural hub.

Gastronomy

Indulging in Maldivian gastronomy offers a delightful exploration of flavors influenced by South Indian, Sri Lankan, and Arab culinary traditions. The traditional flavors of Maldivian cuisine are a true reflection of the country’s cultural diversity. Local delicacies like Garudhiya, a flavorful fish soup, and Mas Huni, a refreshing tuna salad, showcase the unique blend of spices and ingredients used in Maldivian cooking. Seafood specialties reign supreme in Maldivian dining, with dishes featuring fresh catches such as tuna, reef fish, and shellfish. These seafood delights, combined with coconut-infused dishes like Fihunu Mas and Boshi Mashuni, provide a rich and satisfying culinary experience. Completing meals with sweet treats like Bondi and Huni Hakuru adds a touch of sweetness to the Maldivian culinary journey.

Special Travel Experiences

When it comes to special travel experiences in the Maldives, one cannot miss the luxurious retreats and vibrant festivals that add a touch of magic to your journey. The Maldives offers exquisite retreats where you can unwind in paradise, surrounded by crystal-clear waters and lush greenery. Additionally, immerse yourself in the local culture by joining festivals that showcase the rich traditions and lively spirit of the Maldivian people.

Retreats

Nestled amidst the crystal-clear waters of the Indian Ocean, Maldives beckons with its exclusive retreats offering unparalleled luxury and seclusion.

• Luxurious overwater bungalows and private island retreats provide a unique vacation experience.
• Stunning turquoise waters, white sandy beaches, and unrivaled privacy characterize Maldivian retreats.
• Guests can enjoy world-class spa treatments, watersports, and gourmet dining in this secluded paradise.
• Some retreats offer opportunities for marine conservation activities such as coral planting and shark tagging.
• Perfect for honeymooners, families, and luxury travelers seeking an unforgettable getaway, Maldivian retreats cater to diverse preferences.

Festivals

Amidst the luxurious retreats and exclusive experiences in Maldives, the vibrant festivals offer travelers a unique cultural immersion and unforgettable travel experiences. Festival traditions in Maldives are a colorful tapestry of cultural celebrations that showcase the rich heritage of the islands. From Eid al-Fitr with special prayers and feasts marking the end of Ramadan to the Maldives Fisherman’s Day honoring the traditional fishing industry, each event is a window into the local way of life. The National Day on the first day of Rabee-ul-Awwal commemorates independence with flag hoisting ceremonies and parades, adding a patriotic touch to the festivities. For marine enthusiasts, the Maldives Whale Shark Festival is a must-visit, raising awareness about marine conservation and celebrating the diverse marine life through educational activities and events.

Safest Cities

Exploring the Maldives reveals a collection of cities renowned for their safety, with Malé standing out as a prime example of a secure urban center in the country. The safety measures implemented in these cities contribute to their reputation as safe havens for residents and visitors alike. Community engagement plays a vital role in fostering a sense of security and belonging, making these cities not just safe but also welcoming to all.

• Malé: Low crime rates and efficient law enforcement make Malé a standout in terms of safety within the Maldives.
• Addu City: Known for its peaceful atmosphere, this city prioritizes community safety through active participation and cooperation.
• Fuvahmulah City: Embracing a community-oriented lifestyle, Fuvahmulah ensures safety through strong social bonds and local support networks.
• Kulhudhuffushi City: Located in the northern region, this city’s safety initiatives and crime prevention strategies make it a secure place for both locals and tourists.
• Thinadhoo City: With its friendly locals and pristine beaches, Thinadhoo offers a safe environment where residents and visitors can enjoy peace of mind.

These cities in the Maldives exemplify how a combination of safety measures, community engagement, and crime prevention efforts can create urban spaces where people can thrive without compromising their security.

Budget Travel

To experience the Maldives on a budget, consider staying in guesthouses on local islands instead of luxury resorts. These accommodations offer comfort at a fraction of the cost, allowing you to save money for other exciting activities.

When it comes to saving money on transportation, opt for local options like public ferries and buses. These affordable choices not only provide an authentic way to traverse the islands but also offer a glimpse into the daily lives of Maldivian locals. By using these modes of transportation, you can explore various islands without breaking the bank.

To truly immerse yourself in Maldivian culture, venture into the world of local cuisine exploration. Enjoying street food and dining at small eateries not only saves you money but also introduces you to the vibrant flavors of Maldivian dishes. From spicy fish curries to sweet coconut treats, the local food scene is a delightful adventure for your taste buds.

Accommodation

From luxurious overwater villas with private pools to budget-friendly guesthouses on local islands, the options cater to various preferences and budgets. Whether you’re seeking the best hotels, cheap stays, or family-friendly resorts, the Maldives has something for everyone.

Best Hotels

For the ultimate luxury experience in the Maldives, indulging in the opulent overwater villas and beachfront resorts is a must. When it comes to the best hotels in the Maldives, here are some top picks that offer unparalleled luxury escapes, island retreats, and exclusive getaways:

• Conrad Maldives Rangali Island: Known for its iconic underwater restaurant and luxurious overwater villas.
• One&Only Reethi Rah: Offers private beaches, exquisite dining options, and lavish spa services.
• Soneva Jani: Famous for its spacious water villas with slides directly into the turquoise lagoon.
• St. Regis Maldives Vommuli Resort: Features elegant accommodations and personalized butler service.
• Four Seasons Resort Maldives at Landaa Giraavaru: Provides a perfect blend of luxury, nature conservation, and wellness experiences.

Cheap Hotels

Cheap hotels in the Maldives can range from $50 to $150 per night, with choices like guesthouses, local inns, and small hotels. Staying on local islands can provide more affordable lodging, offering a chance to experience the culture while saving money. Booking in advance or searching for last-minute deals can help secure cheaper rates. While budget-friendly hotels may lack luxury amenities, they ensure a cozy stay for travelers on a budget. Some options include beachfront bungalows for a picturesque view, island hopping for exploration, and local cuisine tasting to savor authentic flavors without breaking the bank.

Best Family Resorts

Amid the idyllic setting of the Maldives, family-friendly resorts beckon with spacious accommodations and a wealth of amenities tailored for guests of all ages.

• Family friendly activities: Engage in a range of activities suitable for the whole family, from snorkeling adventures to beach volleyball tournaments.
• Kids’ clubs and entertainment: Let the little ones enjoy supervised activities, interactive games, and themed events while parents unwind.
• All inclusive packages: Simplify your vacation with packages that include meals, snacks, and beverages, allowing you to focus on creating lasting memories.
• Private pools and water sports: Enjoy quality family time by splashing in private pools or trying out exciting water sports together.
• Picturesque island settings: Immerse yourself in the beauty of the Maldives with stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters right at your doorstep.

Practical Information

Living in the Maldives offers a unique blend of beauty and practicality. The cost of living can vary depending on the lifestyle you choose to lead, but overall, it’s essential to budget wisely. Job opportunities are available mainly in the tourism industry, making it a great place for those seeking employment in hospitality. Retiring in the Maldives can be a dream come true for those looking to enjoy a peaceful and picturesque setting in their golden years.

Cost of Living

Why is the cost of living in the Maldives generally high compared to other destinations? The high cost of living in the Maldives can be attributed to several factors such as reliance on imports, limited land for agriculture, and the high demand for tourism.

When considering expenses in this region, it’s essential to account for various aspects that contribute to the overall cost:

• Grocery prices tend to be elevated due to the majority of food items being imported.
• Rental rates, especially in Malé, vary based on location and amenities.
• Utility expenses, including electricity, water, and internet, can add significantly to living costs.
• Transportation costs, such as inter-island flights and speedboat transfers, contribute to the overall expenses.

Job Opportunities

In the Maldives, job opportunities abound primarily in the tourism and hospitality sectors, propelled by the thriving tourism industry of the island nation. Popular positions include resort staff, dive instructors, tour guides, hotel managers, and spa therapists. Individuals with experience in water sports, marine biology, and luxury hospitality are highly sought after. Career growth in these sectors can be promising, with opportunities for advancement and skill development. While salary expectations vary depending on the role and employer, many positions offer competitive wages. Work-life balance can be excellent for those enjoying the island lifestyle, with the chance to explore stunning beaches and underwater wonders during time off. International candidates seeking work in the Maldives should check work permit requirements with potential employers or recruitment agencies.

Retire

Retiring to the Maldives offers foreigners over 50 a tranquil escape amidst stunning beaches and a tropical climate. Living in this paradise comes with its perks for retirees:

• Relaxation retreats: Indulge in serene spa experiences and yoga sessions.
• Expat communities: Engage with a diverse community of fellow retirees from around the globe.
• Retirement benefits: Enjoy the convenience of the retirement visa program’s financial requirements.
• Beautiful beaches: Spend your days lounging on pristine white sands and swimming in crystal-clear waters.
• Tropical climate: Bask in the year-round warmth and sunshine, perfect for outdoor activities and relaxation.

Trip Itineraries

Embark on a captivating journey through the Maldives with the diverse trip itineraries offered by Maldivian Airlines. Experience the beauty of the Maldives through unique activities like island hopping, where you can explore different atolls and discover their distinct charms. The trip itineraries also feature seaplane adventures, allowing you to witness the stunning aerial views of the turquoise waters and pristine beaches that make the Maldives a tropical paradise.

As you hop from one island to another, you’ll have the opportunity to indulge in traditional Maldivian cuisine, tantalizing your taste buds with exotic flavors and spices. From freshly caught seafood dishes to aromatic curries and sweet tropical fruits, each meal is a culinary delight that reflects the rich cultural heritage of the Maldives.

Additionally, these itineraries offer more than just sightseeing and dining. You can immerse yourself in the local culture by participating in traditional activities and entertainment, providing you with a deeper appreciation for the Maldivian way of life.

With seamless connections and accommodations provided by Maldivian Airlines, your journey through the Maldives is sure to be a hassle-free and unforgettable experience. So pack your bags, buckle up, and get ready for an adventure of a lifetime in this idyllic island nation.

Conclusion

Venture into the heart of the Maldives, where a tapestry of history, politics, economics, and environmental challenges weaves a complex narrative that shapes the nation’s future. The Maldives, a nation with a rich past and a promising future, stands at a crossroads where economic challenges, environmental concerns, and democratic reforms intersect to define its path forward.

• Economic challenges: The Maldives grapples with issues such as debt, overspending, and unemployment, necessitating the implementation of taxation and social welfare benefits to stabilize the economy.
• Environmental concerns: The nation faces threats from sea level rise, improper waste disposal, and sand theft, prompting conservation efforts to safeguard its marine ecosystem for future generations.
• Democratic reforms: Recent political movements have paved the way for democratic reforms, leading to changes in presidency and a renewed focus on transparency and accountability in governance.
• Social cohesion: Despite its challenges, the Maldives continues to foster social cohesion through cultural preservation, community engagement, and inclusive policies that promote unity among its diverse population.
• Sustainable development: The nation is increasingly embracing sustainable development practices to balance economic growth with environmental conservation, ensuring a harmonious coexistence between nature and progress.